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Android accounted for 81% of worldwide smartphone shipments in the third quarter of 2013 and iOS mopped up most of the rest according to a study by IDC.


With that in mind it could be easy to think that Mozillas new Firefox OS is doomed to fail; after all, how can it hope to compete with the sales figures of Apple and Google, especially when veterans like BlackBerry and big names like Microsofts Windows Phone are struggling to make much of a dent in global sales?

But Firefox OS isnt just another smartphone operating system. Its fundamentally different in creation to any of the major players and Mozillas tactics and aims are somewhat different too.

Firefox OS - App freedom

The goal of Firefox OS is primarily to create a truly open ecosystem, one where all apps can run on other operating systems and on almost any hardware. In other words: do away with the walled gardens that weve all become so accustomed to on phones.

Other smartphone platforms require apps to be developed specifically for them, so if a developer wants to put an app on multiple device types then it has to be manually ported each time.

It also means that if a user ever abandons one operating system for another they wont be able to access their apps anymore. Theyll have to find and buy them all again and thats if theyre even available.

Firefox OS handles apps more like the internet handles web pages. Rather than proprietary tools theyre built using open web standards like HTML5 and JavaScript, so they can run on just about any computing device that has access to Firefox, meaning Android phones and PCs alike can make use.

In other words theyre platform agnostic and as both Firefox OS and its apps have low hardware requirements you can access them on very affordable devices, designed to make the mobile web more open with minimal barriers to entry so the maximum amount of users can get involved.

Its a lofty goal, but if Firefox OS wasnt so ambitious and so different it would have little hope of attracting any attention at all in the congested smartphone market - although its worth noting that this project is as much about offering something new to the developing markets as it is trying to break the smartphone stranglehold in the more mature areas.

Firefox OS is also about trust and community development. As a truly open source OS its very transparent, allowing tech-savvy users to see how their personal data is handled, while both individuals and organisations are free to build on and modify Firefox OS to improve it and make it available for other platforms.

Firefox OS - Adaptation

Firefox OS has another trick up its sleeve too and its called adaptive app search. Its a search screen which is used both to find apps and documents that are already installed on your phone and web apps that you might be interested in, essentially combining a web search with a search of your phone storage.

Simply type a word out and it will bring back all the relevant results from both local and online content. Web apps can then be used immediately or downloaded to your phone and the results will even adapt to your location when relevant, ensuring you always get the best results possible.

This web-facing approach doesnt mean any phone running Firefox OS has no similarities to your Android or iPhone.

It still uses a lock screen, home screen and notifications bar and handsets which run Firefox OS come with a camera complete with style filters, a music player and FM radio.

On top of that theres the obvious suite of software: maps, the Firefox web browser, Firefox Marketplace for apps, an email app and built in integration with Facebook and Twitter to make users coming from other smartphones should feel right at home.

Firefox OS - Starting small

But even with all the positive aspects of Firefox OS its not really ready to take on Android and iOS. Both of those operating systems have been around for years and gone through numerous changes, while Firefox OS is only on version 1.2.

It also has far fewer apps than either of the big two and so far its only available for a handful of phones, most of which are pretty low end.

So its not likely to tempt too many consumers on these shores in its current state, but then its also not easily available in many of the more developed smartphone nations yet and thats a very conscious decision from Mozilla.

Smartphones are enormously popular in the UK, for instance, where 62.2% of the population has one according to a study by Statista. Disposable incomes are higher too, so expensive flagship phones are in great demand and the super-cheap aspirations of Firefox arent being touted beyond finding some hardware available on eBay.

As such its incredibly unlikely that Firefox OS could make much headway in this area, with users entrenched in iOS and Android and looking for high end handsets.

Its a similar story in the US and other wealthy nations, which is why Firefox OS is not available in them for the most part either. But there are some parts of the world where its a very different story.

In Peru, for example, smartphone penetration stands at just 17%, according to a study by Ipsos Peru, leaving the vast majority of its 30,475,144 strong population without a handset and likely to be more open to an iOS and Android alternative.

This is true when you consider the availability of very affordable phones such as the ZTE Open and could soon be available for phones which cost as little as $25, which puts it in direct competition with the feature phone price range.

In case you havent guessed, Peru is one of the places where you can currently buy Firefox OS phones, showing Mozilla is instead trying to capture new and developing markets where the fact that its so new wont be such a problem and the fact that its affordable will be a huge advantage.

With Firefox OS running on just 128MB of RAM its going to be an appealing option for both customers and manufacturers, who can squeeze the OS into increasingly cheap handsets.

In an interview Mozillas Head of Engineering, Jonathan Nightingale, told us that "our CEO talks about how were going to have 2 billion people joining the web for the first time and weve got about two billion on the web now, so the two billion coming in is going to look really different.

"A lot of people are asking whether Firefox OS is designed for the emerging market and whether thats our segment. Certainly, thats an important place for us to be. Were non-profit, were mission driven so we look at it and think, if those people are coming online, theyre not going to be doing it on a $700 smartphone. We have a real opportunity to introduce something there."

By focusing on developing markets Mozilla is also working towards its goal of bringing the web to more people, as it will get internet enabled phones into the hands of those who may never have owned a smartphone or computer before.

Its a strategy mirrored by the likes of Nokia, which has had plans to build phones that connect the next billion users to the internet and explains why its adding a version of Android (with the Nokia X) to its range to service this market segment which has access to 3G but no fixed landlines.

Other brands, such as Sony, Huawei, LG and Alcatel are all getting behind the open OS, committing to launching hardware with a smattering of devices in the market, with more to come. Its not a huge, sweeping effort to enter the market, but shows that there is at least some intrigue there.

So far things seem to be going according to plan for Mozillas new OS, as back in October it was reported by Telefonica that Firefox OS accounted for more than 12% of smartphone sales in Venezuela and almost 9% in Colombia.

Firefox OS - Onwards and upwards

Ultimately, once the OS matures (assuming it survives that long), theres every chance that it will spread to the UK and beyond and until it has matured you probably wont want it anyway.

Even if or when it does go global Mozilla doesnt necessarily need it to compete with Android and iOS.

As a non-profit organisation it doesnt need to be number one, all it needs is for enough people to be using Firefox OS that its a known entity and that developers are making a large number of applications for it, applications which can then be run on other devices, keeping the mobile web open and accessible, which are two of the key stated goals in Mozillas Manifesto.

Firefox OSs use of HTML5 should make it easier for developers to get on board too as many will already know HTML5 and wont have to learn a new programming language. In the words of Nightingale: "Theres 200,000 iOS developers, 600,000 Android developers and theres 8 million web developers out there. If youre not betting on HTML5, youre making a mistake."

But Firefox OS isnt even just about phones. Panasonic for example plans to use Firefox OS in some of its smart TVs, while in the future Mozilla wants to see Firefox OS and the principles of openness that come with it make their way to smartwatches, cars and anything else with an internet connection.

As Firefox OS is an open source system that other companies and individuals are allowed to adapt and use for their own purposes theres no reason it couldnt power stereos, fridges, vacuum cleaners and just about anything else in the future. In fact its ideally positioned to capitalise on the ever growing number of smart devices.

Theres no doubt that it has an uphill struggle, but by taking a different, altogether more altruistic approach to things Mozilla and its Firefox OS might just stand a chance, particularly in developing nations.

But with its focus firmly on the low-end of the market for now its unlikely to be making waves in the more developed nations for the next few years - then again, at such a low cost, its not unfeasible even now that you could pop online and buy an unlocked handset running the platform instead of upgrading to that hyper-expensive flagship model.